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Problem 5.1.5 (Nonnormal subgroup of $Q_8 \times Z_4$)

Exhibit a nonnormal subgroup of Q 8 × Z 4 (note that every subgroup of each factor is normal).

Answers

Proof. Consider the subgroup H of Q 8 × Z 4 , where Z 4 = ⟨ x ⟩ and | x | = 4 , defined by

H = ⟨ ( i , x ) ⟩ = { ( 1 , 1 ) , ( i , x ) , ( − 1 , x 2 ) , ( − i , x 3 ) } .

Then ( i , x ) ∈ H , but

( j , 1 ) ( i , x ) ( j , 1 ) − 1 = ( 𝑗𝑖 j − 1 , x ) = ( − i , x ) ∉ H .

So H is not normal in Q 8 × Z 4 . □

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2026-09-05 11:44
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