Problem 2-A

Show that the unit sphere S n admits a vector field which is nowhere zero, providing that n is odd. Show that the normal bundle of S n ⊂ R n + 1 is trivial for all n .

Answers

Proof. Let S n ⊂ R n + 1 be the standard embedding and let ( x 1 , … , x n + 1 ) be the standard coordinates on R n + 1 . For each x → = ( x 1 , … , x n + 1 ) ∈ S n , define v ( x → ) : = ( x 2 , − x 1 , … , x n + 1 , − x n ) ∈ R n + 1 . This function v : S n → T S n is a vector field, since

v ( x → ) ⋅ x → = ( x 1 x 2 − x 2 x 1 ) + … + ( x n x n + 1 − x n + 1 x n ) = 0  for all  x → ∈ S n .

It is clear that v does not vanish.

To each x → ∈ S n , let s ( x → ) = ( x → , x → ) , where the first coordinate denotes the basepoint and the second coordinate denotes the point on the line through the origin and x → . As the normal bundle of S n ⊂ R n + 1 has rank 1, the existence of the nowhere vanishing section s implies that the bundle is trivial, by Theorem 2.2. □

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2015-05-11 00:00
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