Exercise 1.17

Give a story proof that

∑ k=0n(n k)( n n − k) = ∑ k=0n(n k)2

for all positive integers n.

Answers

(2n n) counts the number of ways to sample n objects from a set of 2n. Instead of sampling from the whole set, we can break the set into two sets of size n each. Then, we have to sample n objects in total from both sets.

We can sample all n objects from the first set, or 1 object from the first set and n − 1 objects from the second set, or 2 objects from the first set and n − 2 objects from the second set and so on.

There are (n n) ways to sample all n objects from the first set, (n 1)( n n−1) ways to sample 1 object from the first set and n − 1 objects from the second set, (n 2)( n n−2) ways to sample 2 objects from the first set and n − 2 objects from the second set. The pattern is clear

∑ k=0n(n k)( n n − k) = ∑ k=0n(n k)2

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2021-12-05 00:00
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