Exercise 1.25

If a n − 1 is a prime, show that a = 2 and that n is a prime. Primes of the form 2 p − 1 are called Mersenne primes. For example, 2 3 − 1 = 7 and 2 5 − 1 = 31 . It is not known if there are infinitely many Mersenne primes.

Answers

Proof. Suppose n > 1 , a ≥ 0 , and a n − 1 is a prime. As 0 n − 1 = − 1 , 1 n − 1 = 0 are not primes, a ≥ 2 .

Since ( a n − 1 ) = ( a − 1 ) ( a n − 1 + ⋯ + a i + ⋯ + 1 ) , a − 1 is a factor of the prime a n − 1 , so a − 1 = 1 or a − 1 = a n − 1 .

As a ≥ 2 , and n > 1 , a = a n is impossible, thus a = 2 .

If n ≥ 2 wasn’t prime, then n = uv , 1 < u < n , 1 < v < n , and

2 n − 1 = 2 uv − 1 = ( 2 u − 1 ) ( 2 u ( v − 1 ) + ⋯ + 2 ui + ⋯ + 1 ) .

where 1 = 2 1 − 1 < 2 u − 1 < 2 n − 1 . Therefore 2 n − 1 has a non trivial factor. This is impossible, therefore n is a prime.

Conclusion: if a n − 1 ( a ≥ 0 , n > 1 ) is a prime, then a = 2 and n is a prime. □

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2022-07-19 00:00
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