Exercise 3.6

Let an integer n > 0 be given. A set of integers a 1 , … , a ϕ ( n ) is called a reduced residue system modulo n if they are pairwise incongruent modulo n and ( a i , n ) = 1 for all i . If ( a , n ) = 1 , prove that a a 1 , a a 2 , … , a a ϕ ( n ) is again a reduced residue system modulo n .

Answers

Proof. Let a 1 , … , a ϕ ( n ) a reduced residue system modulo n .

∙ As a ∧ n = 1 and a i ∧ n = 1 , i = 1 , 2 , … , ϕ ( n ) , then a a i ∧ n = 1 .

∙ As a ∧ n = 1 , there exists a ′ ∈ ℤ such that a a ′ ≡ 1 ( mod n ) . then

a a i ≡ a a j ⇒ a ′ a a i ≡ a ′ a a j ( mod n ) ⇒ a i ≡ a j ( mod n ) .

So i ≠ j ⇒ a i ≢ a j ⇒ a a i ≢ a a j :

a a 1 , … , a a ϕ ( n ) a reduced residue system modulo n .

Note that { a 1 , a 2 , … , a ϕ ( n ) } is a reduced residue system modulo n if and only if { a 1 ¯ , a 2 ¯ , … , a ϕ ( n ) ¯ } = U ( ℤ ∕ nℤ ) . □

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2022-07-19 00:00
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