Exercise 2.3.7

Give an example of each of the following, or state that such a request is impossible by referencing the proper theorem(s):

(a)
sequences ( x n ) and ( y n ) , which both diverge, but whose sum ( x n + y n ) converges;
(b)
sequences ( x n ) and ( y n ) , where ( x n ) converges, ( y n ) diverges, and ( x n + y n ) converges;
(c)
a convergent sequence ( b n ) with b n ≠ 0 for all n such that ( 1 ∕ b n ) diverges;
(d)
an unbounded sequence ( a n ) and a convergent sequence ( b n ) with ( a n − b n ) bounded;
(e)
two sequences ( a n ) and ( b n ) , where ( a n b n ) and ( a n ) converge but ( b n ) does not.

Answers

(a)
( x n ) = n and ( y n ) = − n diverge but x n + y n = 0 converges
(b)
Impossible, the algebraic limit theorem implies lim ⁡ ( x n + y n ) − lim ⁡ ( x n ) = lim ⁡ y n therefore ( y n ) must converge if ( x n ) and ( x n + y n ) converge.
(c)
b n = 1 ∕ n has b n → 0 and 1 ∕ b n diverges. If b n → b ≠ 0 then 1 ∕ b n → 1 ∕ b , but since b = 0 ALT doesn’t apply.
(d)
Impossible, | b n | is convergent and therefore bounded (Theorem 2.3.2) so | b n | ≤ M 1 , and | a n − b n | ≤ M 2 is bounded, therefore | a n | ≤ | a n − b n | + | b n | ≤ M 1 + M 2

must be bounded.

(e)
b n = n and a n = 0 works. However if ( a n ) → a , a ≠ 0 and ( a n b n ) → p then the ALT would imply ( b n ) → p ∕ a .
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2022-01-27 00:00
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