Exercise 9.19

Exercise 19: Show that the system of equations

3 x + y z + u 2 = 0 x y + 2 z + u = 0 2 x + 2 y 3 z + 2 u = 0

can be solved for x , y , u in terms of z ; for x , z , u in terms of y ; for y , z , u in terms of x ; but not for x , y , z in terms of u .

Answers

Let

f ˇ ( x , y , z , u ) = ( f 1 ( x , y , z , u ) , f 2 ( x , y , z , u ) , f 3 ( x , y , z , u ) ) = ( 3 x + y z + u 2 , x y + 2 z + u , 2 x + 2 y 3 z + 2 u .

Then the matrix of f ˇ ( x , y , z , u ) is

( D j f i ( x , y , z , u ) ) = ( 3 1 1 2 u 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 2 ) .

Note that f ˇ ( 0 ˇ ) = 0 ˇ . The x , y , u part of f ˇ has determinant 8 u 12 0 near 0 ˇ , so by the implicit function theorem, there is a solution of f ˇ ( x ( z ) , y ( z ) , z , u ( z ) ) = 0 ˇ near 0 ˇ .

Similarly, the determinant of the x , z , u part of f ˇ is equal to 21 14 u 0 near 0 ˇ , so there is a solution of f ˇ ( x ( y ) , y , z ( y ) , u ( y ) ) = 0 ˇ near 0 ˇ . And the determinant of the y , z , u part of f ˇ is equal to 3 2 u 0 near 0 ˇ , so there is a solution of f ˇ ( x , y ( x ) , z ( x ) , u ( x ) ) = 0 ˇ near 0 ˇ .

However, the determinant of the x , y , z part of f ˇ is equal to 0, so the implicit function theorem cannot be applied. If you try to solve for x , y , z in terms of u , you just get an equation in u which has no solution near 0 ˇ .

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2023-08-07 00:00
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